Geography
Area: 8,511,965 sq. km. (3,290,000 sq. mi.); slightly smaller than the
U.S.
Cities: Capital--Brasilia (pop. 2.1 million). Other
cities--Sao Paulo (17.9 million), Rio de Janeiro (10.7 million),
Belo Horizonte (2.6 million), Salvador (2.6 million), Fortaleza (2.1
million), Recife (2.9 million), Porto Alegre (3 million), Curitiba
(1.6 million). Terrain: Dense forests in northern regions including
Amazon Basin; semiarid along northeast coast; mountains, hills, and
rolling plains in the southwest, including Mato Grosso; and coastal
lowland.
Climate: Mostly tropical or semitropical with temperate zone in the
south.
People
Nationality: Brazilian.
Population (2003 est.): 177 million.
Annual growth rate: 1.6%.
Ethnic groups: Portuguese, Italian, German, Spanish, Japanese, Arab,
African, and indigenous people.
Christian singles note-Religion: Roman Catholic (80%).
Language: Portuguese.
Education: Literacy--81% of adult population.
Health: Infant mortality rate--36/1,000. Life expectancy--63.5
yrs.
Work force: 79 million.
Government
Type: Federative republic.
Independence: September 7, 1822.
Constitution: Promulgated October 5, 1988.
Branches: Executive--president (chief of state and head of
government popularly elected to no more than two 4-year terms). Legislative--Senate
(81 members popularly elected to 8-year terms), Chamber of Deputies
(513 members popularly elected to 4-year terms). Judicial--Supreme
Federal Tribunal (11 lifetime positions appointed by the president).
Political parties: Workers Party (PT), Brazilian Democratic Movement
Party (PMDB), Brazilian Social Democratic Party (PSDB), Liberal Front
Party (PFL), Social Democratic Party (PSD), Democratic Workers Party
(PDT), Brazilian Labor Party (PTB), Liberal Party (PL), Brazilian
Socialist Party (PSB), Communist Party of Brazil (PC do B), Brazilian
Progressive Party (PPB) [Note: In early 2003, this party
changed its name to the Progressive Party (PP).], Popular Socialist
Party (PPS), Green Party (PV), the Social Liberal Party (PSL), the
National Mobilization Party (PMN), National Workers Party (PTN),
Humanistic Solidarity Party (PHS), and the Party of the Reedification
of the National Order (PRONA).
Economy (2003)
GDP: $508.6 billion.
Annual real growth: 0.5%.
Per capita GDP: $2,840.
Natural resources: Iron ore, manganese, bauxite, nickel, uranium,
gemstones, oil, wood, and aluminum. Brazil has 12% of the world's
fresh water.
Agriculture (9% of GDP): Products--coffee, soybeans,
sugarcane, cocoa, rice, livestock, corn, oranges, cotton, wheat, and
tobacco.
Industry (32% of GDP): Types--steel, commercial aircraft,
chemicals, petrochemicals, footwear, machinery, motors, vehicles, auto
parts, consumer durables, cement, and lumber.
Services (59% of GDP): Types--mail, telecommunications,
banking, energy, commerce, and computing.
Trade: Trade balance 2003--$24.8 billion surplus. Exports--$73.1
billion. Major markets--European Union 24.8%, United States
23%, China 6.2%, Argentina 6.24%, and Mexico 3.75%. Imports--$48.3
billion. Major suppliers--European Union 26.29%, United
States 19.82%, Argentina 9.68%, Japan 5.22%, and China 4.45%.
PEOPLE AND HISTORY
With its estimated 177 million inhabitants, Brazil has the largest
population in Latin America and ranks fifth in the world. The majority
of people live in the south-central area, which includes the
industrial cities of Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Belo Horizonte.
Urban growth has been rapid; by 2000, 78% of the total population were
living in urban areas. This growth has aided economic development but
also has created serious social, security, environmental, and
political problems for major cities.
Christian singles note-Six major groups make up the Brazilian
population: the Portuguese, who colonized Brazil in the 16th century;
Africans brought to Brazil as slaves; various other European, Middle
Eastern, and Asian immigrant groups who have settled in Brazil since
the mid-19th century; and indigenous peoples of Tupi and Guarani
language stock. Intermarriage between the Portuguese and indigenous
people or slaves was common. Although the major European ethnic stock
of Brazil was originally Portuguese, subsequent waves of immigration
have contributed to a diverse ethnic and cultural heritage.
Christian
dating in Bra